![]() Depending on the finishing work required, postpress operations can use large amounts of adhesives.Inks and cleaning solvents are the major types of chemicals used during press operations.Prepress operations typically involve photoprocessing chemicals and solutions.Postpress primarily involves the assembly of printed materials and consists of binding and finishing operations.Įach process uses a variety of chemicals, depending on the operation involved.Press refers to actual printing operations.Prepress operations include composition and typesetting, graphic arts photography, image assembly, and image carrier preparation. Prepress operations encompass steps during which the idea for a printed image is converted into an image carrier such as a plate, cylinder, or screen.In the screen process (also known as porous printing), the image is transferred to the substrate by pushing ink through a porous mesh which carries the pictorial or typographic image.Įach printing process is divided into prepress, press, and postpress steps.In the intaglio process, the nonprinting area is at a common surface level with the substrate while the printing area, consisting of minute etched or engraved wells of differing depth and/or size, is recessed.The image and nonimage areas are defined by differing physiochemical properties. In planographic printing, the image and nonimage areas are on the same plane.Letterpress and flexography are relief printing processes. In relief printing, the image or printing area is raised above the non-image areas.Image carriers (or plates) are generally be classified as relief, planographic, intaglio, or screen. Lithography, currently the dominant printing technology, is an indirect (offset) process. In indirect, or offset, printing, the image is first transferred from the image carrier to the blanket cylinder and then to the substrate. In direct printing the image is transferred directly from the image carrier to the substrate, examples of direct printing are gravure, flexography, screen printing and letterpress printing processes. Depending upon the process, the printed image is transferred to the substrate either directly or indirectly. The five major printing processes are distinguished by the method of image transfer and by the general type of image carrier employed. ![]() Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, & Accessibilityīasics of the printing process Direct vs indirect printing.
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